Friday, August 28, 2020

Market rate of return Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Market pace of return - Assignment Example In the event that it is seen that the profits are reliably beneath the SML line, it will imply that the stock is required to rise, while in the event that the profits are believed to be reliably over the line, at that point it will imply that the stock is expected for a drop. Diagramming the SML for a specific stock requires a stock with a beta that is higher than 1 and this typically outflanks the market, while a beta that is under 1 suggests that it fails to meet expectations the market (Shanken, 56). The y-catch of the SML is equivalent to chance free rate. The SML slant is equivalent to advertise chance premium and it as a rule mirrors the arrival exchange of a given time. Beta is named as non-diversifiable or methodical hazard. Basing on the produced relapse line the condition made is=8.375x-0.166 Going by beta qualities, the security advertise line demonstrates that the connection among return and hazard is direct for the individual protections. For example, expanded return= ex panded hazard. Basically it shows what return somebody needs to win on a venture for it to merit taking, and this apparently increases with the speculation danger. The Security Market Line recipe is as underneath: Required Return = Risk Free Rate + (Beta x [Market Return - Risk Free Rate]) Calculate 95% certainty stretches for the incline and y-catch. Rundown OUTPUT Regression Statistics Multiple R 0.997314 R Square 0.994636 Adjusted R Square 0.992848 Standard Error 0.005276 Observations 5 ANOVA Â df SS MS F Significance F Regression 1 0.015486 556.2975 0.000167 Residual 3 8.35E-05 2.78E-05 Total 4 0.01557 Â Coefficients Standard Error t Stat P-esteem Lower 95% Upper 95% Lower 95.0% Upper 95.0% Intercept 0.020428 0.004799 4.256403 0.023776 0.005154 0.035702 0.005154 0.035702 X Variable 1 0.118761 0.005035 23.58596 0.000167 0.102737 0.134786 0.102737 0.134786 RESIDUAL OUTPUT Observation Predicted Y Residuals 1 0.04418 0.00582 2 0.079809 - 0.00481 3 0.109499 - 0.0045 4 0.162942 0. 002058 5 0.19857 0.00143 Look up the current profit for one-year Treasury charges/notes as your hazard free rate. Two great sources. In your report, if you don't mind express your source and the date utilized. http://fxtrade.oanda.com/investigation/monetary pointers/US/rates/yield-bend Date utilized; November 29, 2013 My hazard free rate is 0.05 Given the current hazard free rate, is the relapse gauge of your hazard free rate coordinate the real current hazard free rate? Use certainty spans to help answer this inquiry. Basing on the certainty stretch count over, the relapse gauge of my hazard free rate doesn't coordinate the genuine current hazard free rate since it falls outside the span or scope of 0.10273 and 0.13478 What is the current expected market pace of return (in light of your relapse)? Basing on my relapse, the current expected market pace of return is as beneath; Using the condition created from the relapse; Y=8.375x-0.166 The current expected market pace of return is e quivalent to X Therefore X=(y+0.166)/8.375 But we are given Y which is 0.05. The X will presently be (0.05+0.166)/8.375=0.02579 Therefore, the current expected market pace of return is 0.02579 Works Cited Shanken, J.On the Estimation of Beta-Pricing Models,Review of Financial Studies, 5(1), 1{33,1992. Print Shanken, J.,and G.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Group Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Gathering Management - Essay Example Since, bunch arrangement is a free factor and associations picked bunches arbitrarily, regularly there are clashes among these gatherings. Numerous administration bunches have refered to that these contentions happen on the grounds that individuals working in these gatherings have various thought processes, characters, recognitions and inspirations. This hypothesis has been declared from the way that no two individuals are similar and each human brain is not quite the same as other. In this article, we will analyze this case by taking a gander at how various characters, recognition and inspirations can influence bunch working. Allows first glance at the job of observation and how can it influence a person's conduct in a gathering. Recognition can be characterized as a procedure by which people sort out and decipher their tactile impressions so as to offer significance to their condition. There are numerous speculations that disclose to us how are recognition functions and influences our conduct in a gathering. As per attribution hypothesis, our impression of individuals varies from our view of lifeless things. We judge individuals by their activities and by deciding the main driver of their activities. The hypothesis expect that individuals believe that activities are caused either inside or remotely, contingent upon consistency, peculiarity and agreement of these activities. This attribution hypothesis influences an individual's conduct in a gathering. For instance, he may see that individuals in his gathering are apathetic on the grounds that they have dropped a gathering. This probably won't be the situ ation in light of the fact that there may be some significant crisis that have constrained them to drop a gathering. Consequently, this prompts a central attribution mistake and influences an individual's gathering conduct. His activities towards them may become as though they are lethargic and doesn't care for work. Nonetheless, if an individual thinks about that they have dropped a gathering because of some outer factor, his conduct will be extraordinary. This is the means by which recognition assumes a significant job in the conduct of an individual while working in a gathering. So also, essential attribution mistake will likewise happen when individual will join the gathering's prosperity because of his own endeavors, while he will consider that disappointments have happened in light of other gathering individuals. This will make him act unreasonably to other gathering individuals and he may become discourteous which will influence the conduct of the whole gathering. As talked about above, Halo impact may likewise influence an individual's conduct in bunch working. On the off chance that somebody in the gathering has accomplished something incorrectly and he generally get the stick for that things and not the recognition for such a significant number of incredible commitments he had made for the gathering. For this situation, individual's conduct in a gathering will be negative since he will consistently believe that regardless of whatever he does he will consistently be associated with one mistake(s) he made. Correspondingly, individuals likewise use easy routes in making a decision about others and particular discernment is the prime case of this. On the off chance that somebody has accomplished something incorrectly, at that point he won't be given a significant undertaking once more, as individuals will see that he will again destroy it. This is the means by which individuals' conduct may get influenced in bunch work in light of the fact that one-sided view of others. Essentially, numerous recognitions about individuals' conduct in a gathering are made by differentiate influence, projection and generalizing. In the event that there are two in number individuals in a gathering, at that point it will be seen that the third part will be a more vulnerable part. Notwithstanding, this may not be valid as

Friday, August 21, 2020

Marketing Essay -- Papers

Showcasing Various Companies have various techniques for selling their items, a few organizations choose to dispatch a thing and sit tight for the aftereffects of the deals. Another strategy for selling an item is to inquire about the showcase in which it is to be sold. There are different methods for directing some statistical surveying, much relies upon the thing you wish to sell, the time you may need to inquire about and the measure of cash that is accessible. Individuals who are relied upon to be shoppers might be drawn closer so as to perceive their requirements, this might be done through surveys verbally by post or by telephone once their necessities are remembered it will be more clear what to accommodate them. Investigation into the organizations' item may give data into potential rivalry and evaluating the item. Value is of self-evident significance for greatest deals and most extreme benefit. Exploring the market may propose that an example ought to be flowed so as to address and revise any issues for instance on the off chance that it is a consumable item the taste and smell must be thought of on the off chance that it is an electrical item the capacities might be considered is it easy to understand or pragmatic or too convoluted the correct item with an inappropriate plan won't sell what's more, chilly transform a potential benefit into a potential misfortune. Examining people groups purchasing behaviors will divulge thoughts with regards to where this item ought to be sold, where individuals are bound to get them the purchaser should be focused on and the item deliberately arranged so as to sell for example Haagen Dazs Great statistical surveying and brief acknowledgment and intelligence will permit the makers to embrace significant offering systems and the capacity to ... ...oduce enough in June 1994 and in this way chose not to utilize any publicizing advancements. This may have been maintained a strategic distance from if essential research had been done before to perceive what the requests of the shoppers were, what's more, the figure of the climate. The item end up being fruitful and at last that is the thing that produces benefits. Dividers decided to lead minimal essential research it might be that it was not required as Solero was a triumph, however it might likewise recommend that Walls passed up benefits of one month in an incredibly sweltering summer in view of absence of essential research Additionally apparently, Walls set out to rehash the accomplishment of Magnum in the guilty pleasure part yet as indicated by the drive situating map Solero is bought as refreshment and not guilty pleasure does this imply there is still space for an item in the guilty pleasure area?

Tuesday, May 26, 2020

New Ideas Into Narrative Essay Topics for Grade 8 Never Before Revealed

New Ideas Into Narrative Essay Topics for Grade 8 Never Before Revealed Samples are the best method to find help because this way you will compose the paper all on your own yet have professional guidance. It's an efficient method to learn how to express your ideas openly. Writing is a strong means of conveying one's thoughts. In every nation, individuals obey legal laws. If You Read Nothing Else Today, Read This Report on Narrative Essay Topics for Grade 8 Instead, you could rephrase the statement in your words, adding the appropriate attribution. It's a principal storylineyour thesis statement. Research documents can be hard to manage, if you aren't confident in your abilities so it's a good idea to use the assistance of professionals. More over, they usually demand a unique approach, so your support of an experienced writer would are available exceptionally of good use. Vital Pieces of Narrative Essay Topics for Grade 8 During the duration of your academic career, whe ther at school or university, you'll almost certainly have to write a minumum of one problem solution essay. As you pay for homework, we provide those options free of charge. Your very first vacation outside the nation. Consider your favourite year in school. It doesn't matter to us, whether you're too busy on the job concentrating on a passion undertaking, or simply tired of a seemingly infinite stream of assignments. Just make sure you're following your instructor's guidelines and understand how to construct a narrative essay from starting to end. You should have your reasons, and our primary concern is that you find yourself getting an excellent grade. Some students utilize the very first idea that arrives in their head and work on it, but the outcome isn't successful. All you have to know to boost your writing and begin getting A's are the key qualities of a correctly written grade 10 essay. Let's look at some narrative essay topics in every single category to assist you tell your very own riveting story! Our free hints will help you to receive through any essays. Our website is just one of the most appropriate for essay help. You can depend on the very best essay help online. As soon as it is great in the event the topic gestates out of your own head, it's always alright to have a peek at a number of the sample suggestions and topics. When you have chosen this issue, make certain you have sufficient original ideas about this issue. It is insufficient simply to define the subject of your paper. It's also important to pick the most suitable topic for the write-up. Stories about traveling have an outstanding potential. Friends are an important portion of your life and you'll remember a lot about them even if you are gone. The Bizarre Secret of Narrative Essay Topics for Grade 8 There are various kinds of article writing. The simplest way to consider a narrative essay is merely to think about the term narrateand to consider yourself the narrator. It's also a great idea to bring a background of the major theme to ensure it is interesting for the readers. Regardless of what piece of writing you are assigned at your institution, the comprehensive paper has to be interesting to read. The cost of an essay rides on the quantity of effort the writer has to exert. If you ought to be unsure whether or perhaps not you're able to expect to deal with this task effectively, it's usually simpler to pay money for research paper authored by means of an expert writer who can most likely develop a masterful write-up within a concise length of the moment. Accomplishing a specialized dissertation might be very tricky and signifies setting up a good deal of perform. When you want pay a man to post my dissertation for me' it is not hard to really trust in the world-session dissertation publishing aid. Narrative writing is just one of the most essential and easy to comprehend form of writing. Thus the writer needs to be cautious whilst expressing himself. Before writing, he should collect all the essential information which he needs to write about. To make a story interesting, he can add some fun bits but the essence of the article should not be altered in the process.

Friday, May 15, 2020

In this era of globalization, news reporting is no longer...

In this era of globalization, news reporting is no longer just a means of communications, but it has also developed into a tool for change. Prominent journalists like Julian Assange, Nick Davies, Sir Charles Wheeler and many more has changed the landscape and outcomes of information, war and news reporting itself. But Martin Bell has challenged the fundamentals of journalism that is to be balanced and impartial with what he calls ‘Journalism of Attachment’. He even coined the phrase, ‘bystanders’ journalism’ for continuing the tradition of being distant and detached (Bell 1997), which he criticizes â€Å"for focusing with the circumstances of violence, such as military formations, weapons, strategies, maneuvers and tactics† (Gilboa 2009, p.†¦show more content†¦Martin Bell comes from a position that is anti-war, and knows that the influence of journalists could be for better or worse, and without a doubt playing a huge role but that do es not mean they are exclusive from the society. â€Å"This is not to back one side, or faction or people against another, it is to make a point that we in the press, and especially the television which is its most powerful division, do not stand apart from the world† (Bell 1997, p. 8). To be objective as Phillip Hammond cited by David Loyn (2007, p. 5) â€Å"comprises three distinct, refined but interrelated concepts of truthfulness and acuracy, neutrality, and emotional detachment†, or in Martin Bell’s term to be dispassionate, and it is exactly this reason, that Bell have chose not to continue the traditional thoughts of journalism, for he is human first, journalist second. Bell’s view was not fully appreciated and acknowledged, as there are various critics from scholars and journalists alike. One of which is Wilhelm Kempf, he critiqued that Journalism of Attachment gives the journalism too much authority, somewhat making them a judge to decide what is right or wrong. It seems that Martin Bell’s approach to conflicts and problems is to reduce it to a moral problem, and that is one of the major underlying problems with it as â€Å"he undermines his own professional authority byShow MoreRelatedChallenges in Adoption of Ifrs in Nigeria3452 Words   |  14 PagesADOPTING INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING SYSTEM IN NIGERIA Anthony O. Garuba Department of Accounting and Finance, Western Delta University, Oghara, and Pat Donwa Department of Accounting, University of Benin, Benin City E-mail: anthonygaruba@yahoo.com Abstract Nigeria is going to adopt International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) from 1st January 2012. Globalization and Info rmation and Communication Technology (ICT) has reduced the world to a global village. This has given rise to the continuousRead MoreGlobal Competitiveness4571 Words   |  19 PagesGlobal Competitiveness: Role of Supply chain Management Business today is in a global environment. This environment forces companies, regardless of location or primary market base, to consider the rest of the world in their competitive strategy analysis. Firms cannot isolate themselves from or ignore external factors such as economic trends, competitive situations or technology innovation in other countries, if some of their competitors are competing or are located in those countries. CompaniesRead MoreCritical Points Of Current Knowledge7094 Words   |  29 Pagesparticular topic. For any research work it is utmost important to create necessary theoretical background. For this researcher mainly relied on the secondary information available in research papers, books, business magazines, newspapers, survey reports of different companies etc. This referring also helped in bringing about coherence in overall understanding of the area of study. 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Terms such as Americanization, Westernization and even globalization are only a few of many that have been employed to label the phenomenon of Americas growing cultural dominance in the worl d. Decades of public discourse about this is-sue have shown that all these expressions are being used interchangeably by many. We will see below, however, that it is helpful and, in my view, even necessaryRead MoreAirborne Express 714476 Words   |  58 PagesKunnikar Ngandee Chapter 1 : Globalization Talk it Over 1. Today, international business people must think globally about production and sales opportunities. Many global managers will eventually find themselves living and working in cultures altogether different from their own. Many entrepreneurs will find themselves booking flights to places they had never heard of. What do you think companies can do now to prepare their managers for these new markets? 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This end in view is possible if they will work with the team spirit, good feeling of those members working together, as a team. It is also a group of activities designed to enhance the effective operation of system teams. It may relate to task issuesRead MoreA Study On Responsiveness Of Customers Towards Print Media And Deliverable Satisfaction10259 Words   |  42 PagesNewspapers are considered to be the best source of news and information. In many respects it is also a medium of communication among the peoples across the world. There are thousands of newspapers published around the world. Readers are keen and got desire to learn more and more about the affairs and news of the world. This has enabled because of the spread of education throughout the world which has improved the curiosity of people to learn about new things in the society. As a source of informationRead MoreEmployee Retention14999 Words   |  60 Pagesproviders selected for this study are BSNL and VODAFONE. The aim of the research is to provide an insight into the rapidly emerging issue of employee turnover in the telecom sector of India, describing how business intelligence helps in Employee Retention. Business Intelligence (BI) is a manager in the organizations to manage information and make factual decisions to retain potential employees. Business Intelligence as a process of turning data into information and then into knowledge. This knowledge is utilized

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Health Assesment - 1387 Words

Family Health Assessment Darcy Martin Grand Canyon University: NRS-429V, Family Centered Health Promotion 10/19/14 â€Å"Holism and the totality of the person’s interactions with the environment form the philosophical foundations of Gordon’s functional health patterns. This foundation provides a context for collecting data that provide information about the entire person and most life processes. By examining functional patterns and interactions among patters, nurses accurately determine and diagnose actual or potential problem, intervene more effectively, and facilitate movement toward outcomes to promote health and well-being.† (Gordon, 2011; taken from Edelman, 2014, pg.130) â€Å"In addition to providing a framework to asses individuals,†¦show more content†¦She plays golf once a week and walks the course. She also walks one hour each day on what she describes as a mountain trail with lots of change in elevation. She states that she is fortunate not to have any injuries or medical problems that would impede her ability to exercise. Being active and exercising re gularly is beneficial not only for muscle and joint mobility, it is also beneficial to the heart, lungs and circulatory system. From a cognitive aspect, learning something new is best done through discussion or physically performing a task. It was stated that at her age, she doesn’t feel like she does a lot of learning. When questioned about memory and concentration, it was revealed that her memory is â€Å"spotty†. Family members interjected during this part of the discussion that her memory was more selective than spotty. Giving the example that she could remember the address of where she lived in college, but could not remember what she ate for dinner the night before. Even though difficulty with memory seems somewhat of a concern from a nursing perspective, she nor her family members had concerns about significant memory problems. Concentration was not of concern either. She stated that it is easy to sit down and concentrate on a task. During the assessment of sens ory perception, it was noted that after having Lasik surgery approximately fifteen years ago, she has had no problems with vision and has her vision checkedShow MoreRelatedRisk Assesment for Unit 3 Health and Social Care P36295 Words   |  26 Pagesand pupils to report any faulty items found in rooms. | Pre-visit check and/or check of information/ assurance from reputable tour operator. Check on arrival. | Low | Hygiene | Illness | Pupils and staff. | * Tourist board rating/environmental health endorsement or similar. * Visual inspection of washing facilities, lighting, heating, ventilation, catering. | Pre-visit check and/or check of information/assurance from reputable tour operation. | Low | Night time tendencies. | Injury, deathRead MoreCenter For Global Development Works On The Global Health1372 Words   |  6 PagesCenter for global development works on the global health in order to improve the quality of the policies and actions of donors like multilateral organizations and it also enhances the coordination between all the public agents and the private sector. usually challenging and apt topics are generally chosen by the Center for Global Development which will demand the concentration of global decision-makers faced with complex incidence information, institutional, and monetary choices. PRINCIPAL APPROACHESRead MoreSections of the Mental Health Act Explained1772 Words   |  8 PagesSections of the mental health act * Definitions * Section 1 of the mental health act 1983 was amended in 2007. This section of the act defines a mental disorder as    any disorder or disability of mind it goes on to state that a â€Å"learning disability† is define as a state of arrested or incomplete development of the mind which also includes impairment of intelligence and social functioning (MHOL, 2010). For the purpose of the act a person who has a learning disability is not consideredRead MoreAnalysis Of Florence Nightingale s Unnecessary Noise And Its Effect On People With Dementia2044 Words   |  9 Pageson people with dementia. Florence Nightingale wrote in her 1859 Book Notes on Nursing ‘unnecessary noise is the most cruel abuse of care which can be inflicted on either the sick or well’’(Florence Nightingale 1859) Noise has a large impact on the health status of an individual. It is a major contributing factor of stress, confusion and agitation among them. A recent study states that noise levels in a nursing home were found in the range of 60-75 dB, which is equivalent to a busy road traffic .MinimizingRead MoreElectronic Medical Records ( Emr ) Implementation3227 Words   |  13 PagesIn recent years with huge advances in information technology and health, the initiatives of electronic medical records (EMR) implementation has become an on-going and dif ficult process. The computerization of medical practice is considered to be a new standard for medicine practice. With the promotion of EMR s, the support for the implementation is supported by the government, people who request higher-quality care, and health organizations. This review will focus on the implementation processRead MoreCollaboration Between Secondary Care And Aged Care Facilities3192 Words   |  13 Pagesresidential care. This report gives recommendations for increasing awareness and .. It incorporates both primary researches focused on secondary care staff and also primary care staff from the . Although the I am grateful to my contemporary health issues lecturer who assisted me in support and directing me. Please contact me if you would like additional information. I would be happy to implement some of the recommendations in this report by developing study/ talks for a better intergrationRead MoreNvq 3 Unit 029 Outcome 1 Essay1963 Words   |  8 Pages-NHS Health Services – Provides us with up to date information about any illnesses and medical outbreaks such as measles etc. They are there for information, help and support. -Early Entitlement - Come out to the setting and observe our setting, they use funding to buy us equipment that we may need and offer ideas and information to better our setting and kepp the standard high. -Health Care Professionals – Where a child has a developmental need, we often work with a range of health professionalsRead MoreThe Components Of The Counseling Process1748 Words   |  7 Pagesnetwork. This same type of contact is also scrutinized according to the text â€Å"counselors began to hypothesize about the nature of the client’s concerns, and decision are made whether counseling will be beneficial.† (Newsome, 2014). The two typs of assesment methods may be formal or informal, stadardized or nonstandardized, and objective ar subjective. (Newsome, 2014) The method of testing that I would prefere would be a combiantion of tests, one that did not rely on just a computed test, or checksRead MoreStrategic Implementation For Information Systems Essay2337 Words   |  10 PagesTIZ000018D ASSESMENT 1 CASE STUDIES – DC202 CASE STUDY 1 Date: 16/03/2015 Course Name: DC202 Strategic Implementation for Information Systems Organisation: NTI – NTEC Table of Contents Introduction 3 Hierarchy Levels of Strategy for Asdith Health Services 3 Strategic Levels for Asdith 4 SWOT Analysis 5 PESTEL Analysis 7 Strategic Implementation Solutions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Asdith Health Services Introduction Asdith Health ServiceRead MoreThe Effects of Environmental Tobacco Smoke Among Children with Asthma1644 Words   |  7 Pagesother well developed nations. It will describe the effects that has among children living in contaminated environment by Second Hand Smoke. One of the health effects can be Asthma, which is provoked by their parents who smoke in their vicinity. Furthermore, there will be a discussion where as a public health practitioner trying to improve the health of these children and to educate their parents to lessen their cigarette consumption near children. First of all, I would like to define Environmental

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Female In Genesis Essay Example For Students

Female In Genesis Essay The Intimidating Female in GenesisIn the narrative in the book of Genesis, there are two main objectives. The first is a general goal to create a complex world designed for ideal human existence according to divinely legislated principles. The second is Gods desire to establish a great nation within this world. According to the narrative, God aims to achieve these goals by constructing frameworks for his goals and then enlisting carious humans to help see them to fruition. However, as amply demonstrated in Genesis, the human variable is volatile and frequently confronts God with instances of insubordination. As a Collective human element, women in Genesis often appear as obstacles to these broad-overriding goals through nonfulfillment of their particular roles in the divine scheme. From the Garden of Eden right through to the story of Joseph, women, as wives, mothers, and daughters, are typically unreliable, inadequate, deceitful or, simply by virtue of their womanhood, an outright liability, and they frequently threaten to undermine Gods will as it is expressed in the opening book of the Bible. Gods first instruction to a human being occurs during the initial telling of the creation story in Genesis. Adam and Eve have the mutual responsibility to be fruitful and multiply, fill the earth and subdue it(1:28). However, it is really the second narrative, detailing the creation of man and woman that establishes Gods structure of the world. In this structure, Eden is created for the first man, Adam, who has one basic function, to work and guard Eden (2:15), and only one prohibition, to abstain from the fruit of the Tree of Knowledge (2:16). Starting right from Genesis, in this additional description of the Eden story, tension already arises between Eve, the first biblical woman (ironically, created specifically to complete the Eden habitat for Adam), and the divine process. Duped by the serpent, she not only succumbs and eats the forbidden fruit, but also encourages Adam to join her, thereby causing their expulsion. Thus, God is forces to confront human intractability from the very beginning of his quest, and the first instance comes from a woman, the very creature created to solidify Edenic perfection. God had intended Eden to be a self-contained universe, a paradise for Adam where he would live comfortably without toil or hardship. By disobeying, and then including Adam in her crime, Eve indirectly causes his punishment: a life that requires him to labor for his sustenance. Eve was created to be her husbands helpmate (2:20); instead she turns out to be a catalyst for his demise and the cause of humankinds expulsion from the Edenic Utopia. In the creation story, the satisfaction of both God and human are at stake. God aims to realize his will in the world, and the happiness and the content of humanity hinge on Gods ability to realize his plan. Eve is created to complete Eden. But, instead of conforming to Gods plan, she is a stumbling block to the construction of the divinely conceived universe. The idea that God is striving to create an ideal world recurs in Genesis. And in many instances, as in the case of Eve, it is a woman who impedes the fulfillment of Gods vision. However, disobedient actions are not always the mode of obstruction. Sara and Rachel threaten Gods plan with their infertility. Although the text does not explicitly blame the matriarchs for their inability to conceive, they are involuntarily liable for not propagating. In every instance, it is the matriarchs, rather than their husbands or God, who are passively the physical barriers to conception. God, the narrative explains, opens wombs when he so chooses. But closed wombs are never stated to be the result of Gods initiative. And, even if conception is perceived as Gods intervention, it is significant that infertility in the text is always a result of womens, rather than mens, faulty anatomical equipment, making infertility an inescapable female problem. Propagation is a central these in Genesis. In the Noah story, which is Gods attempt to reconstruct the world after the first few generations of humankind have proven incorrigible, God commands Noah to be fruitful and multiply (9:1) immediately after Noah emerges from the ark. Clearly, the production of offspring is integral to the divine conception of this world, just as it was in Genesis 1. And later in Genesis, when God sets out to build his chosen people, part of his blessing to Abraham is to make his offspring as abundant as the dust of the earth (13:16). In fact, the blessing of fruitfulness was given to Noah, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob (Calloway 15). Women are the obvious vessels necessary for the realization of the blessing. Thus, any women who does not conceive is in direct opposition to both Gods desire to populate the world in general through Noah and his descendants, and his aspiration to see his select nation proliferate. And culpability is not an issue. The narrative voic e in Genesis is objective. The biblical tone ascribes neither guilt nor vindication, despite the desperate pleas of many of these women for children. Fertility is the divine right of the male establishment, and barren women are the material obstacles to the acquisition of this divine inheritance. The text does not dwell explicitly on the significance of barrenness. Instead, barrenness is presented as a straightforward problem, much like a technical glitch that requires either a major or a minor repair. In the case of Gods specific goals for a select nation headed by the patriarch Abraham, Saras infertility most severely jeopardizes Gods plan. Not only does she impede the perpetuation of the Abrahamic line, her infertility also prevents the possibility of any progeny inheriting her husbands legacy and breeds dissension in the House of Abraham. In Ancient Israel?the primary obligation of a married woman was to bear children for her husband, particularly male children (Calloway 13). Sara, with her infertility, also falls short of her marital duties and belittles the blessing. It is very difficult for God to fulfill his promise to Abraham if Abrahams wife does not become pregnant. Sara tries to compensate for her inadequacy with a gesture that seems altruistic: she gives her maidservant, Hagar, to Abraham. But all that does is circumvent her obligation, create rivalry, and produce and Abramic line that is divided and at war throughout the remainder of the book of Genesis. The dynasties of Isaac, the son of Sara eventually does produce, and Ishmael, the son of Hagar, are warring parties not only in Genesis but throughout the entirety of biblical history. Porter's 5 Force Indian Automobile Industry EssayWhile Leah subtly triggers a course of events that threatens the goals and values in Genesis, Dina, in contrast, directly challenges her society by her unconventional behavior and troublesome predicament. Firstly, as it has been noted, a womans worth in Genesis is measured by her subservience to her husband and her fertility. Dina acts contrary to the role expected of her (Graetz 306). She is neither a wife nor a mother, only a daughter and sister. In patriarchal societies, like the society of Abraham and his descendants, daughters have value primarily on the marriage market and in their potential to bear children (Graetz 306). Therefore, Dina, a defiled and unmarried daughter, is not only an affront to the greater divine plan, based on female subordination and fertility, but also a burden to her family because she subverts societal expectations. She is reduced to being damaged goods and brings shame to her entire clan. The behavioral codes and moral principles in Genesis continually reinforce the patriarchal nature of the society and the carefully defined parameters designated for a females contribution. Dina represents still another model of a woman who threatens the Genesis community by her deviant actions. All the women encountered in Genesis are either dwelling or journeying under their fathers or husbands jurisdictions. They never travel or venture out by themselves under any condition. By going out to look over the land (34:1), Dina, like Rebecca, violates the female role by taking independent action. She transgresses the norm of total subjugation to male dominance. This is threatening to the patriarchal structure, wherein women are restricted to a role of complete subservience. Then to compound her transgression, she is raped, an incident that not only makes her into a victim, but also a burden to her family. Once violated, her sexual purity is destroyed, her future is doomed, and her family is plunged into disaster. Indeed, following the rape, the annals of Dinas life are totally absent from the remainder of Genesis. She is mentioned only once more when she enters Egypt with the rest of her family. Whereas her brothers are discussed at great length right through to the conclusion of Genesis, Dina, after losing all her potential worth as a bride, and therefore as a wife and mother, is completely neglected. However, the aftermath of her rape continues to reverberate. When Dinas brothers slaughter Shechem, the entire house of Jacob is forced to flee and relocate their encampment. Thus, by rejecting the role of passive female as it is construed in Genesis, and then suffering the results of her assertive action, Dina defies Gods intentions, circumvents societal demands, and throws her family, the family chosen by God to be a blessed nation, into precarious flight. The text of Genesis is s relentless struggle to establish a world in which Gods ideals are realized and fulfilled through his blessed nation. And women, time and again, are a threat to the essential and interwoven values that are always at stake, those that concern God and his plan, and those that are meant to produce an ordained human destiny. Potiphars wife is the last woman in Genesis to cast an ominous shadow over the concerns at stake in the text. With her licentious intentions (albeit, failed intentions) and dishonesty, she defies the primary function the text has set out for her as a female. When she attempts to seduce Joseph, she contradicts patriarchal standards by taking morally, illicit, overt, and decisive action. After her attempts fail, she proves herself even more untrustworthy when she slanders the innocent Joseph and causes his imprisonment. Furthermore, Joseph is the last of Abrahams descendents to directly receive the divine blessing. So, her attack on him is also an attack on Gods select people, the people that is supposed to be the origin of a great, prosperous, and abundant nation. Instead of being a helpmate to her husband, or to Joseph, Potiphars wife brings both men strife. AS a result of her actions, her husband has Joseph, his most trusted and valued servant, imprisoned and wrongly declared a criminal. Rather than acting as an aid or, or facilitator of, Gods will, or of the patriarchal society that will fosters, she is an obstacle that God has to overcome in order for the divine will to prevail. In Genesis, there is a consistent evolution of what is at stake. In the beginning, God invests in an idyllic world governed by a patriarchal hierarchy. It is a world destined to be a model of harmony and a perfect domestic domain for human existence. Then, when the Eden experiment fails and God is compelled to recreate the world through the flood episode, this investment expands into an effort to produce a populous world for extensive human habitation. In the remainder of genesis, god directs his efforts toward the development of Abrahams family, the representatives of Gods select nation and an expression of the divine ideal of human existence. Building this blessed nation is the chief value in the post-Flood Genesis, and this nation, as the nation devoted to the God of Genesis, is the only value that remains relevant right through to the end of the text. At every juncture in Genesis, women primarily serve as hurdles to be negotiated so that the texts values may be actualized. They destroy paradise, delay the propagation of the human species, defy the patriarchal structure, and endanger the proliferation of Gods blessed nation. Clearly, there are patterns to the forms of this female subversiveness, such as unreliability, infertility, and disobedience. But, since there is not one single paradigm for female insubordination, the problem of women in Genesis is a narrative device that is integrated into the text to create subversive tension. They are the hurdles that God overcomes in order for the text to prove Gods boundless and all-encompassing power. With their actions, they draw attention to the Genesis value system, prevent its immediate success, and allow for eventual divine triumphs that dramatically reinforce those values and their consequences. ReferncesCalloway, Mary. Sing O Barren One: A Study in Comparative Midrash. New York: Society of Biblical Literature. 1986. Graetz, Naomi. Dinah the Daughter in A feminist Companion to Genesis. Ed. Athalia Brenner. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic press, 1993. BibliographyReferncesCalloway, Mary. Sing O Barren One: A Study in Comparative Midrash. New York: Society of Biblical Literature. 1986. Graetz, Naomi. Dinah the Daughter in A feminist Companion to Genesis. Ed. Athalia Brenner. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic press, 1993. Religion Essays