Charles Dickens A Social Critic And English Writer Essay

Charles Dickens (1812-1870) was a social critic and English writer. Dickens generated some of globe’s most renowned fictional characters. He is viewed as the most remarkable writer of the Victorian period. Dickens’ works, during his life, enjoyed exceptional popularity. By 20th century, scholars and critics called him a literary genius. Dickens’ short stories and novels continue to be popular. Dickens was born in Portsmouth in England. He was forced to drop out of school following his father’s imprisonment. His early poverty compelled him to succeed. Throughout Dickens’ career, he wrote 15 novels, many short stories, five novellas, as well as non-fictional articles. Dickens, for 20 years, he edited a â€Å"weekly journal,† performed and lectured extensively. Dickens was also an inexorable letter writer, as well as campaigned vigorously for kid’s rights, education, along with other social reforms. Dickens’ became famous with his 1836 â€Å"The Pickwick Papers† serial publication. Dickens became a global literary celebrity because of his satire, humor, as well as a keen observation of society and character. Dickens’ novels were published in weekly or monthly installments, and he also pioneered the narrative fiction serial publication that was the dominant method of Victorian publication. Dickens was deemed as the colossus of literature of his age. Dickens’ novella, â€Å"A Christmas Carol† published in 1843, is among the most influential literature ever written. A Tale of Two Cities,Show MoreRelatedGothic Novel Essay949 Words   |  4 PagesGothic Novel’s origin and its Repertoire element Gothic novel literary defined as an English genre of fiction which came into action and became popular in 18th to early 19th century, widely characterized by atmosphere of horror, fear, death, gloom, darkness ,mystery and romantic elements ,such as nature individuality and high emotions. The term gothic actually originated as to criticise the architecture and art of that period which was dark, decaying and dismal. The term was embraced by artistRead MoreThe Reflection Of Charles Dickens Great Expectations1590 Words   |  7 Pages The Reflection of Charles Dickens in Great Expectations Introduction: The general definition of reflection is† to bring or cast as result â€Å". Dr. Harvey from Macquarie University define reflection as â€Å"an intended action, it depends on the past actions, present actions, and future actions.† In this paper we will see the reflection in â€Å"Art†. Art is the reflection of the identity and personality, for example in painting, drawing, writing, and many more. Art can symbolize the personality of theRead MoreCharles Dickens Essay1511 Words   |  7 PagesCharles Dickens was an astounding author and titan of English literature throughout the Victorian era. Dickens was remarkably known for his early years, his career, and his life tragedies. During his career Dickens achieved worldwide popularity, winning acclaim for his rich storytelling and memorable characters. Dickens will forever be remembered as a literary genius who changed the world with his vivid novels and his superb stories. Charles John Huffam Dickens was born on February 7, 1812,Read More Oliver Twist Essay example2572 Words   |  11 PagesThese are some of the questions you might ask yourself if you were living in early nineteenth century England. Dickens addresses these issues in his timeless masterpiece Oliver Twist. In the story of Oliver Twist, Dickens uses past experiences from his childhood and targets the Poor Law of 1834 which renewed the importance of the workhouse as a means of relief for the poor. Dickens age was a period of industrial development marked by the rise of the middle class (Wagenknecht 219). In theRead MoreA Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens Essay1393 Words   |  6 PagesWinning critical acclaim, A Tale of Two Cities occupies a central place in the cannon of Charles Dickens’ work. A Tale of Two Cities, published in serial form starting on April 30, 1859, is a historical fiction novel. A dominant theme in this historical novel is the duality found in many of Dickens’ characters. Dickens’ A Tale of Two Cities is somewhat autobiographical; emphasizes the key elements of theme, plot, and character; and has received extensive criticism. A Tale of Two Cities is told inRead MoreCompare And Contrast Different Literature Periods1452 Words   |  6 PagesEnglish Literature Periods Literature by definition according to Oxford dictionary is the written works, especially those considered of superior or lasting artistic merit. Literature has classified into several periods. Which has affected by the surrounding events in the society in each period like economic levels, war and peace. Literature is considering as a human creation is differing from the other because of the changing in the society and language development in every period. This essayRead MoreSummary Of Hard Times By Charles Dickens2062 Words   |  9 Pagesself-interest. In his novel, Hard Times, Charles Dickens satirizes the English educational system, society, and economics, but most importantly, through them, he criticizes the many abuses of utilitarianism. Many writers such as Bornali Nath Dowerah and Ali Taghizadeh have done research on Dicken’s work mostly focusing on utilitarianism and its negative impacts on society especially on those of the lower class. Charles Dickens, the most renowned social commentator of his time, criticized the illsRead More A Comparison of Charles Dickens and Jane Austen Essay2446 Words   |  10 PagesA Comparison of Charles Dickens and Jane Austen ADVANCED ENGLISH LANGUAGE ESSAY Of the many authors to emerge during the nineteenth-century, Charles Dickens and Jane Austen were among the few who would make a lasting impression on the literary world for generations. Hard Times, often referred to as Dickens’ ‘Industrial novel’ and Austen’s Pride and Prejudice have been much read and well-loved classics for many years. It is the purpose of this essay to compare and contrast the different Read MoreVictorian Novel9605 Words   |  39 Pagesreading rooms. The idea of â€Å"manners† does sum up the social climate of middle-class England in the nineteenth century. However, if there is one transcending aspect to Victorian England life and society, that aspect is change. Nearly every institution of society was affected by rapid and unforeseeable changes.  As some writers greeted them with fear and others embraced the progress, this essay will guide a reader through an important era in English literary history and introduce with the voices thatRead MoreI Didn t Know About The World Of The Late Qing Dynasty915 Words   |  4 PagesAll-China Anti-Japanese Writers Federation, which encouraged writers to produce nationalist writings, and his own work subsequently became vehemently patriotic and propagandistic. The two texts on which this essay is focused, Black Li and White Li and An Old and Establi shed Name are both prime examples of writings of this nature. Not only did nationalism greatly affect Lao She’s writing, but he was influenced profoundly by western writers such as Charles Dickens, who also challenged social difficulties in

Industrialization Of The Industrial Revolution - 1214 Words

â€Å"The 18th century saw the emergence of the ‘Industrial Revolution’, the great age of steam, canals and factories that changed the face of the British economy forever.† (White, M, The Industrial Revolution). The industrial revolution sparked the development of capitalist economies and as a consequence a division of labour was formed. Therefore the capitalist system is seen as a natural consequence of the industrial revolution. The industrial revolution was a period in which societies became industrial due to there being an increase in new manufacturing processes which transitioned from hand production methods to the development of machines and the rise of the factory system. The process of industrialisation largely affected the division of†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, Marx was interested in the work done by theorists such as Adam Smith, however Marx was more pessimistic about capitalism, and saw it as more problematic due to it leading to alienat ion and exploitation. Marx believed that capitalism alienated the worker from the product since the worker was paid low wages and lacked the capacity to consume. The division of labour was the repercussion of the development of capitalism, which alienated the worker from the complete process of production by forcing him to specialize. Campbell (1981, p.128) believed that â€Å"It is obvious that this economic system destroys the relationship of the individual producer to his individual product, for the commodities produced in factories are social products†. This idea links to Weber’s work of bureaucracy and specialization. Workers in a bureaucracy perform specialised tasks and are organised in a clear hierarchy where each worker has their own place within the structure. The bureaucracy is also characterised by the division of labour, which involves tasks being broken down so people can be set a separate part of the task. This structural theory links to Marx’s theory of the division of labour between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie and also the view of alienation within the work force due to workers being separated from the product. However Marx and Weber differed in their idea of what was the primary cause of alienation. Marx believed that class conflict wasShow MoreRelatedIndustrialization Of The Industrial Revolution886 Words   |  4 PagesO Sullivan HIS 1102 29 March 2015 Industrialization in Europe Industrialization is a noun given the definition of the large-scale introduction of manufacturing, advanced technical enterprises, and other productive economic activity into an area, society, country (Dictionary.com). Tools have been around forever, but until the industrialization they required human labor to use. Almost every aspect of life was changed during this time. The industrial revolution was first used to describe a new economyRead MoreIndustrialization Of The Industrial Revolution1588 Words   |  7 PagesThe Industrial Revolution is a technological phenomenon that still continues to this day, in the form of its fourth to fifth wave. Ever since the late 1700s, our society has evolved over nearly two and a half centuries, for better or for worse. However, most of the negatives then have disappeared into obscurity and the positives have only grown more and more. So while some might argue that Industrialization had primarily negative consequences for society because of chi ld workers and the poor conditionsRead MoreIndustrialization Of The Industrial Revolution Essay999 Words   |  4 PagesIndustrialization is the process by which an economy is transformed from primarily agricultural to one based on the manufacturing of goods. There were several people involved in the industrialization process, such as Cornelius Vanderbilt, Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, and J.P. Morgan. The Industrial Revolution completely restructured the old America into a completely different place in which we now live in. These changes brought about railroads, manufacturing cities, and population growth;Read MoreIndustrialization Of The Industrial Revolution859 Words   |  4 Pagesworked in farms. In the mid 1700’s events changed the way of life. These events are called the Industrial Revolution. It was a long, uneven process that affected peoples’ lives. Simple tools where changed to complex machines; from human and animal power to electricity. Rural soc ieties became urban. Industrialization brought a variety of goods and an improved way of living to many. Agricultural Revolution is when people learn to farm and domesticate animals. It contributed to a rapid population growthRead MoreIndustrialization Of The Industrial Revolution989 Words   |  4 PagesThe Industrial Revolution, which took place from the 18th to 19th centuries CE, was a period during which predominantly agrarian, rural societies in Europe and America became industrial and urban. Prior to the Industrial Revolution, manufacturing was often done in people’s homes, using hand tools or basic machines. Industrialization marked a shift to powered, special-purpose machinery, factories and mass production. The iron and textile industries, along with the development of the steam engine,Read MoreIndustrialization Of The Industrial Revolution1635 Words   |  7 Pages Just as it was in the 18th and 19th centuries when the industrial revolution began, today people fear that technology is d estroying jobs. Prior to the industrial revolution manufacturing was often done in peoples homes, using hand tools or basic machines. Industrialization marked a shift to powered special purpose machinery, factories and mass production. Yet at this time people feared for their jobs because the machinery resulted in often-grim employment opportunities many people argue that theRead MoreThe Industrialization Of The Industrial Revolution Essay2415 Words   |  10 Pages There are many identifying factors unique to Britain that were responsible for industrial innovation, change, growth and contraction during the period defined by the industrial revolution in Britain. By about 1750 Britain had become a world leader as a trading nation, with London becoming the warehouse of the world. London also had an efficient financial centre selling services such as insurance, including shipping insurance. It is estimated that 600,000 people lived in London at this time and aRead MoreIndustrializatio n Of The Industrial Revolution1996 Words   |  8 PagesThe Industrial Revolution started advancing in the mid-18th century after many sought new and more efficient methods of production to accomplish the needs of society . The Industrial Revolution brought with it an array of changes: an increase in population, the rise of new building typologies, redistributions of wealth and fluctuations of living conditions. The Industrial Revolution broke out in England with most of the important technological innovations being British ; with the application of reliableRead MoreIndustrialization Of The Industrial Revolution1332 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the 18th and 19th centuries, the Industrial Revolution played an integral role in the development of today’s world. Railroads were forming, factories were mass producing goods, medicines were being created, and communication was on the rise. Looking back on this time period, we can see how important all of these developments really were. Mechanization played a major role in the Industrial Revolution as people began to apply reason to manufacturing. Humans were flawed and such machineryRead MoreIndustrialization During The Industrial Revolution1577 Words   |  7 PagesIndustrialization – ever changing the face and heartbeat of our society and the world in which we live – since the Industrial Revolution began in Britain (from 1760 until sometime between 1820 and 1840). The improvement of business acquisitions and evolution of trade were essential to the Industrial Revolution. Most of the British population lived in the countryside, in small villages, and interacted closely within their family unit and work. Industrialization, however, drastically altered the

Type of Hazards in Biscuit Manufacturing-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Choose a type of business or undertaking that you will base this assessment on. For instance, you might choose to base the project on a landscaping business, a butchers shop, a beauty salon, a car wash, a manufacturer of whitegoods or a producer of pet food. Discuss the type of Hazard in your selected Busness. Answer: Introduction Workplace Health and Safety (WHS) or Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) is an important tool to assess and measure risk hazards that may affect the health wellbeing and safety of involved people at workplace (Xiang, Pisaniello and Hansen 2014). These people can be employee, employer, clients, suppliers or visitors. Compliance to WHS policies is important for organizations, as failure to that can render them and their owners answerable to law and prosecution (Salim, Salleh and Zawawi 2016). While working in a biscuit manufacturing company the primary objective of this assignment is to explain the safety and hazard management approach I applied at that manufacturing plant. Further, it will explain the way PCBU (Person Conducting Business or Undertaking) was applied in that workplace. Type of hazards in biscuit manufacturing company While working in a biscuit manufacturing company, there are several health and safety related problems the employees and workers have to face every day. The risk involves exposure to biological, chemical and sound related hazards (Gill 2015). Further, exposure to heat or cold and sharp objectives are also there. Biological hazards include microbial cultures that are used in the manufacturing process of biscuits can be inhaled or ingested by the workers. Furthermore, inhalation of ingredient dusts can lead to hazardous situation. there are several heat treatment process are followed in the food manufacturing unit such as cold room, heat treatment room ,, pasteurization where the difference is temperature is more than 80 degree Celsius (Wu et al. 2017). Exposure to that may lead to hazardous situation. on contrary, usage of chemical agents for cleaning and disinfection of baking room, using sharp objects like cutting blades for cutting and packing and working in confined spaces for tra sh, fermentation tanks has the potential to create a hazardous situation in manufacturing unit. Hazard management This is a problemsolving process, which is generally used in organizations to identify problems, assessing and collecting information about it and taking necessary steps to solve those issues. Further, the management process reviews and evaluates the process so that the hazard can be stopped from happening again (Ryan 2012). As a worker of this manufacturing unit, I undertook PCBU process or Person Conducting Business or Undertaking process to ensure that the staff and employees are not exposed to hazardous risk. Through this process, I was to assess and confirm that the work system is safer, complies with the workplace and health and safety rules of Germany, welfare facilities for employees are adequate, the management takes adequate care of the workers (Berton and Urry 2012). The PCBU process There are five aspects of PCBU, according to which, the assessor has to view and assess the problems in system, take necessary steps to fix it and after that evaluation and review the changes. For the first two process, I visited the entire production unit, especially the baking room, cold storage room, pasteurization room, and cutting and mixing room for finished product and raw materials respectively (Ryan 2012). To understand the managers and higher authoritys perspective on hazardous situation, I assessed the hazard report of the manufacturing unit. After assessing the respective departments, I understood that the workers at the baking and finished product mixing room are at higher risk as those departments were having higher rate of risks. To fix the problem, according to Gill (2015), I implemented the use of temperature-protected gloves, mask and eye goggles for the workers working in baking oven room. This was important as the temperature at baking rom is more than 350 degree Celsius and without proper safety equipment, workers were at higher risk. Further, in the cutting and mixing room, I suggested to use automated cutting and separating machine as the hazard report indicated that four workers had accidentally cut their separating partners hands. Hence, usage of automated cutting and separation machine will be helpful in controlling the risk related to this process. Furthermore, in the cold storage room, where the temperature is below -10 degree Celsius, and in pasteurization room where the products are introduced to heat shock, safety measures such as gloves, safety goggles, masks and coats were introduced (Gill 2015). After the assessment and fixation of the problem, I had the responsibility to review and evaluate the process. For the review process. I followed the manufacturing unit for further 5 days and reviewed that all the implementations for lowering the risk of hazardous situations are being followed by the workers and their supervisors or not and complied with the WHS law or not (Ryan 2012). In the review process, it was observed that, the supervisors were not being able to implement the WHS policy properly on the workers that led the workers neglect the safety process and increase the risk of hazardous situation. Hence, training for employees, workers and supervisors were introduced regarding workplace health and safety so that the next step of PCBU, evaluation can be performed without any biasness (Regan and Fettell 2017). The evaluation process was carried out using a closed ended questionnaire having 25 question regarding health and safety norms and the entire employees of the manufact uring unit was involved in the evaluation process. This process of evaluation was used so that the knowledge of employees regarding the WHS policies can be assessed and a proper documentation of the evidence can be produced. Furthermore, it could be understood that the implemented PCBU interventions are easy to apply in such manufacturing unit or not (Davies et al. 2012). Conclusion Workplace Health and Safety is an important tool to protect the workers of any organization from unwanted hazards and risks. Every organization such as manufacturing units or simple beauty salon should apply these protective policies in to their workplace so that employees and customers are safe inside their premises. As a worker in a biscuit manufacturing unit, I was assigned with the responsibility to carry out PCBU or Person Conducting Business or Undertaking to assess the unwanted hazardous risks present in the manufacturing unit. This process helped me to identify different risks related to baking, cold room, pasteurization and mixing and cutting departments. Further, using this process, I was able to find out loopholes of those department and implemented interventions to lower or eliminate the risks. Further, to reinforce the understanding I carried out training and development program with workers and evaluated their knowledge using closed ended questionnaires. References Berton, L. and Urry, B., 2012. Business feature: Work health and safety-compliance in a new era.Irrigation Australia: The Official Journal of Irrigation Australia,28(2), p.32. Davies, H.W., Louie, A., Nahid, M. and Shoveller, J., 2012. Potential barriers to engineered noise control in food and beverage manufacturing in British Columbia, Canada: a qualitative study.International journal of audiology,51(sup1), pp.S43-S50. Gill, K.M., 2015. Agroterrorism: the risks to the United States food supply and national security.US Army Medical Department Journal, pp.9-16. Regan, L. and Fettell, M., 2017. Workplace law: Industrial manslaughter offence: New era for WHS.Proctor, The,37(11), p.28. Ryan, P., 2012. How the model WHS laws will affect you.MHD Supply Chain Solutions,42(1), p.38. Wu, S., Ricke, S.C., Schneider, K.R. and Ahn, S., 2017. Food safety hazards associated with ready-to-bake cookie dough and its ingredients.Food Control,73, pp.986-993. Xiang, J., Bi, P., Pisaniello, D. and Hansen, A., 2014. Health impacts of workplace heat exposure: an epidemiological review.Industrial health,52(2), pp.91-101.

Target Market Alternatives Of Zest Sedan â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Target Market Alternatives For Zest Sedan? Answer: Introducation Tata Motors launched Tata Zest sedan on 12th August 2014 in India and targeted the capital of India that is Delhi as its target market. Tata Motors flagged off 100 new Zest sedan cars in Delhi, which were purchased by the customers in Delhi. The company targeted Delhi as its target market because Delhi NCR comprises of a large number of car lovers and they love being technologically advanced and ahead of the others (tata.com, 2017). However, the target market alternatives for Zest sedan can be the other metropolitan cities of India namely, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Hyderabad, Bangalore, Ahmedabad, Pune, Surat and Nashik. These cities have a population of more than four million each. These cities have a large number of middle class, upper- middle class and rich families, who can be the potential customers of Tata Zest sedan. The car was priced between Rupees 4.64 lakhs to Rupees 6.99 lakhs (tata.com, 2017). Mumbai is considered to be the economic capital of India and a majority of the population comprises of businessmen and the youth working in several companies. Mumbai is a hub for private companies and operations employment opportunities to millions of Indians. Therefore, Mumbai would be a good option as a target market alternative in order to increase the sales. Chennai, Hyderabad and Bangalore are the hub for IT companies that employ millions of Indians. A majority of the people in these areas are literate and have a good knowledge of technology. Therefore, they can be target market alternatives for Tata Zest sedan. Kolkata, AHmedabad, Pune, Surat and Nashik are also highly developed areas with a majority population comprising of middle- class and upper sections of the society (Nielsen and Wilhite 2015). This increases the demand for cars in these areas and can be a target market alternative for Tata Zest sedan. Therefore, the metropolitan cities of India can be recommended as the i deal and best suitable target market for Tata Zest sedan. Alternative ways of defining the Population for Zest sedan Research population refers to the large group of people or things that are the focus of a research study. The researches are conducted for the betterment of the population. However, it is not always possible for the researchers to to consider the entire population while conducting a research due to its large size (Fowler Jr 2013). This is the reason due to which the researchers use the different sampling methods. Tata Motors defined its population for Zest as the individuals born after 1990 as the majority of the population of India comprises of individuals born after 1990s. The company had targeted the youth of the country and the rural markets. The company emphasized upon developing and penetrating in the rural markets to become the leading car manufacturers in India (Shree, Gupta and Sagar 2017). However, there are several alternative ways of defining population for Tata Zest Sedan. The company can consider the middle- class section of the society (without considering the age groups of the individuals) as its population with an average annual income of Rs 7,37,748. This is because the desire for owning a car is not dependent upon the age of an individual. However, later on in the sample, the age can be considered as the youth has more knowledge about technology and are more fond of cars. The urban as well as the rural population can be considered as the population for Tata Zest Sedan (Babin and Zikmund 2015). The middle- class population in India is deemed to have the similar characteristics, wants and desires. These similar characteristics, wants and desires make it the best population to be considered for Tata Zest Sedan. The purchasing patterns and choices related to cars are almost similar in this population. Choosing this as the population shall make it easier for the co mpany to decide its sample frame and target the appropriate audience. The population comprises of two groups namely target population and accessible population. The accessible population refers to the population to which the researcher can easily reach which might be limited to a certain area (Sinha 2016). The population in case of Tata Zest Sedan can be extremely large as the majority of the population in India comprises of middle- class people. In this case, the poor section of the society can not be considered as they can not afford Tata Zest Sedan and the richer section might prefer more luxurious car to own as a status symbol. Tata Zest Sedan was manufactured with the aim of providing a luxurious car within an affordable budget and would go well with the middle- class society of India. Therefore, the middle- class population of India can be recommended as the appropriate population for Tata zest sedan. Alternative ways of defining the Sampling Frame for Zest sedan A sample frame is referred to as the list from wherein the individuals are chosen or selected for a particular research study. Sample frame involves the entire target population and excludes the non- target population (Burns and Bush 2013). A good sample frame includes the appropriate contact details of the population so that the researcher can easily reach them. The sample frame for Tata Zest Sedan can be obtained by dividing the middle- class population into several units. For instance, the age group can be one unit and the area can be another unit. The individuals born between 1970 to 1980 can be considered as one unit, the individuals born between 1980 to 1990 can be considered as one unit and the individuals born after 1990 can be considered as another unit. These three sub-units of age group can be chosen as a sample frame as the individuals falling under these age groups as more likely to purchase Tata Zest sedan. Another sampling frame can be the middle class families belongi ng to urban area and rural areas. The urban areas can be further divided into metropolitan cities of India namely, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Hyderabad, Bangalore, Ahmedabad, Pune, Surat and Nashik. The metropolitan cities have a larger number of working class people who can be the potential customers of Tata zest sedan. A large number of youth belonging to middle- class families work in the several companies in the metropolitan cities of India and earn handsome salaries. These are the people who are technologically advanced and are fond of purchasing new cars with latest technologies and luxury. However, neither are they capable of purchasing high- end cars nor do they prefer basic cars. These are the people who search for cars that are affordable, have advanced technologies and luxurious as well. Tata zest sedan can be a good option for this part of population as the car is both luxurious as well as affordable. In case of the rural areas, the developed rural areas can be selected, this might have potential customers. This frame shall help the researcher in selecting the most appropriate sample (Levy and Lemeshow 2013). Therefore, the middle class people belonging to the above mentioned age groups and residing in developed rural and urban areas can be recommended to be the ideal sampling frame for T ata zest sedan. Alternative ways of defining the sampling approach for Zest sedan Sampling is very crucial in selecting the respondents while gathering the primary data during a research process. Sampling approach refers to the selection of appropriate individuals for the research study while collecting the data through primary data collection technique (Zikmund et al. 2014). There are two alternative approaches of defining a sampling approach namely probability sampling and non- probability sampling. Probabilistic sampling approach refers to the approach wherein the respondents of a particular research study are selected on a random basis (Dillman, Smyth and Christian 2014). The individuals comprising the population have an equal opportunity of becoming a part of the sample. The approach guarantees that all the individuals comprising the population have the equal selection chances. However, it becomes necessary to set a particular procedure of collecting the data so that the units considered in the sample frame have almost the equal probabilities of selection (Be rnard, Wutich and Ryan 2016). Probabilistic sampling gives unbiased results and the inferences obtained are statistical. The hypothesis is tested in case of probabilistic sampling approach. Probabilistic sampling methods involve simple random sampling, stratified sampling, cluster sampling and systematic sampling (Ocal and Babin 2016). Non- probabilistic sampling approach refers to the approach wherein the samples gathered do not get the equal chance of being selected. Instead, there are certain selection criterions on the basis of which the samples are selected. Non- probabilistic sampling approach is used when the researchers face the issues of limited time and budget. The selection of the sample is entirely dependent upon the researchers subjective judgment. Therefore, the conclusions inferred do not relate with the entire population. The methods of non- probabilistic sampling involves convenience sampling, quota sampling, purposive sampling and snowball sampling (Ritchie, Lewis and Elam 2013). Recommendation In this particular case of Tata zest sedan, the recommended sampling approach shall be non- probabilistic sampling approach as this sampling approach shall help the researcher to obtain the desired outcomes. Selecting individuals on a random basis would involve more time and higher budgets however, non- probabilistic sampling shall help the researcher in obtaining the desired results within a particular time duration (Gelman et al. 2014). Thus, the conclusions obtained shall not be inferred to the entire population as the research deals with only middle- class families of India. The population shall further be divided into sampling frames on the basis of age and location, which will help the researcher to emphasize upon the target audience of Tata zest sedan. Explanation of the effectiveness of the above approach The non- probabilistic sampling approach shall be more effective in the case of finding the target audience for Tata Zest sedan as it shall be more convenient and shall involve lesser costs. The non- probabilistic sampling shall consider only those individuals who are related with the research study whereas, the individuals who are not related with the research study shall be ignored. For instance, the target audience for Tata Zest sedan are the middle- class families in India as the car would fulfill their wants and desires and they can afford to purchase the car. On the contrary, if probabilistic approach would have been applied, it would have got involved the poor and the rich section of the society who would not be interested in purchasing Tata Zest sedan. The poor section of the society would be incapable of affording the car while the rich section of the society would prefer expensive cars that would add to their status symbol. Tata Zest Sedan is a car that ranges between Rupee s 4.64 lakhs to Rupees 6.99 lakhs in India. The features and price of the car is capable of attracting the attention of the middle- class families in India. The middle- class population in India is deemed to have the similar characteristics, wants and desires. These similar characteristics, wants and desires make it the best population to be considered for Tata Zest Sedan. The purchasing patterns and choices related to cars are almost similar in this population. Choosing this as the population shall make it easier for the company to decide its sample frame and target the appropriate audience. Therefore, the population recommended for the research study was the middle- class families in India, which can be further divided into several units on the basis of age and location. The potential customers of Tata Zest sedan are supposedly to be the white collar employees working in the major cities of India especially the metropolitan cities as these cities provide employment opportunities t o a large number of population due to the presence of several companies in those cities. Therefore, non- probabilistic sampling would be the best approach to obtain desired results according to the selection criterions of income, age and location. References: Babin, B.J. and Zikmund, W.G., 2015.Exploring marketing research. Cengage Learning. Bernard, H.R., Wutich, A. and Ryan, G.W., 2016.Analyzing qualitative data: Systematic approaches. SAGE publications. Burns, A.C. and Bush, R.F., 2013.Marketing research. Pearson Higher Ed. Dillman, D.A., Smyth, J.D. and Christian, L.M., 2014.Internet, phone, mail, and mixed-mode surveys: the tailored design method. management Sons. Fowler Jr, F.J., 2013.Survey research methods. Sage publications. Gelman, A., Carlin, J.B., Stern, H.S., Dunson, D.B., Vehtari, A. and Rubin, D.B., 2014.Bayesian data analysis(Vol. 2). Boca Raton, FL: CRC press. Levy, P.S. and Lemeshow, S., 2013.Sampling of populations: methods and applications. John Wiley Sons. Nielsen, K.B. and Wilhite, H., 2015. The rise and fall of the people's car: middle-class aspirations, status and mobile symbolism in New India.Contemporary South Asia,23(4), pp.371-387. Ocal, Y. and Babin, B.J., 2016. Response Rate and Response Bias in Business Research. InLooking Forward, Looking Back: Drawing on the Past to Shape the Future of Marketing(pp. 714-714). Springer, Cham. Ritchie, J., Lewis, J. and Elam, R.G., 2013. Selecting samples.Qualitative research practice: A guide for social science students and researchers, p.111. Shree, D., Gupta, A. and Sagar, M., 2017. Effectiveness of cause?related marketing for differential positioning of market entrant in developing market: An exploratory study in Indian context.International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing,22(2). Sinha, D., 2016.India Reloaded: Inside Indias Resurgent Consumer Market. Springer. tata.com. (2017). Tata Motors unveils the all-new Zest and Bolt via @tatacompanies. [online] Available at: https://www.tata.com/company/releasesinside/Tata-Motors-unveils-the-all-new-Zest-and-Bolt [Accessed 14 Sep. 2017]. Zikmund, W.G., D'Alessandro, S., Winzar, H., Lowe, B. and Babin, B., 2014.Marketing research. Cengage Learning Australia.